1st half of the 20th cent.:
- free competition a countries got into overproduction crisis a a
- free competition a countries got into overproduction crisis a a
lot of companies went bankrupt a they were bought a companies concentrated in a few hands a monopole capitalism
- on the colonies labour force was cheaper a they took their capital there a it is called colonial capital export.
- Germany, Japan, and the USA connected into the international share of work a the autarchy (egyeduralom) of Great Britain ceased a multipoled (többpólusú) world economy formed
- I World War: USA and Japan strengthened The economical crisis of the world (1929-33) tumbled (szétzilál) world trade.
After the II World War:
- 3 types of countries formed: socialist, capitalist and developing
- 3 types of countries formed: socialist, capitalist and developing
Countries
- there were national economies those were separated by tariff borders and they limited the free flow of goods and capital a world market was a totality of national economies, world trade passed off (lezajlik) between the countries
- capital export increased
- there were national economies those were separated by tariff borders and they limited the free flow of goods and capital a world market was a totality of national economies, world trade passed off (lezajlik) between the countries
- capital export increased
Nowadays: - world trade passes off mainly between the countries of the centres of world economy, especially between the 3 centre poles of growing (Triad)
Triad:
- the main flow of capital, technology and goods happens between its countries
- Its countries possess the 80% of the world’s all operating capital
- the main flow of capital, technology and goods happens between its countries
- Its countries possess the 80% of the world’s all operating capital
Japan:
- 7% of goods of the world market comes from Japan
- one of the most important functioning capital exporters (exceeds its func. capital. import)
- most important goods that Japan imports is raw-material
- has the most significant commercial activity and commercial surplus related to the other countries of the Triad
- 7% of goods of the world market comes from Japan
- one of the most important functioning capital exporters (exceeds its func. capital. import)
- most important goods that Japan imports is raw-material
- has the most significant commercial activity and commercial surplus related to the other countries of the Triad
European Union:
- The EU supports commerce in her own territories a creams off The goods brought from outside the borders- In the EU there are so-called world cities (and almost everywhere int he world) which have certain tasks (e.g. Frankfurt and Zürich are financial centres). World cities are the centres of worldwide flow of information and capital.
- the commercial activity of the EU produces only a little surplus
- participates by 1/3 of the functioning capital import and export of the world
- The EU supports commerce in her own territories a creams off The goods brought from outside the borders- In the EU there are so-called world cities (and almost everywhere int he world) which have certain tasks (e.g. Frankfurt and Zürich are financial centres). World cities are the centres of worldwide flow of information and capital.
- the commercial activity of the EU produces only a little surplus
- participates by 1/3 of the functioning capital import and export of the world
The USA:
- main stronghold of its economy are commerce and financial activities
- its main partner in functioning capital export is the EU
- it accumulates the most commercial deficit related to all countries of the Triad
- its functioning capital import and export is the largest in the world
- main stronghold of its economy are commerce and financial activities
- its main partner in functioning capital export is the EU
- it accumulates the most commercial deficit related to all countries of the Triad
- its functioning capital import and export is the largest in the world
The Little Tigers, which are the newly industrialized countries of East-Asia, and their second generation are also important participants of world trade.
- first generation: S-Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hongkong
- second generation: Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Thailand
- first generation: S-Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hongkong
- second generation: Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Thailand
Singapore is the most important commercial junction (csomópont) of the Little Tigers.
International capital flow:
1.) End of the 18th.cent. – I World War: colonial capital export
Capital export of th developed countries was directed towards the colonies rich in raw-materials and towards East- Central-Europe
2.) Between the two world wars: capital flow fluctuated
3.) After the II World War: capital movement between developed countries was characteristic (mainly between the EEC and the USA)
- main aim of the capital flow was the substitution of foreign trade (külkereskedelem).
4.) 1970-85:
-Japan joined the investors but took part only in functioning capital export
- USA and EEC took part in both capital import and export
Capital export from developed to developing countries appeared again
Aim: located the old technologies to the developing, but industrializing
Countries a it is called production outplacing export (termeléskihelyező export)
-Japan joined the investors but took part only in functioning capital export
- USA and EEC took part in both capital import and export
Capital export from developed to developing countries appeared again
Aim: located the old technologies to the developing, but industrializing
Countries a it is called production outplacing export (termeléskihelyező export)
4.) Nowadays:
- main functioning capital exporters are: Great B., Germany, USA, Japan (countries of the economical poles)
- 80% of all funct. Cap. Flow happens among them
- new phenomena: Japan exports its functioning capital into developed countries a J. can appear more easily on their market
- funct. capital flow still substitutes the foreign trade
- funct. cap. Flowing towards the countries of the peripheria (East-Central Europe, China, Vietnam)
serves the interests of the transnational companies
- colonial investments are outworn
- almost half of the funct. cap.flows into services
- main functioning capital exporters are: Great B., Germany, USA, Japan (countries of the economical poles)
- 80% of all funct. Cap. Flow happens among them
- new phenomena: Japan exports its functioning capital into developed countries a J. can appear more easily on their market
- funct. capital flow still substitutes the foreign trade
- funct. cap. Flowing towards the countries of the peripheria (East-Central Europe, China, Vietnam)
serves the interests of the transnational companies
- colonial investments are outworn
- almost half of the funct. cap.flows into services
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